{"id":40981,"date":"2025-04-15T14:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/?post_type=publications&#038;p=40981"},"modified":"2025-04-15T14:23:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T18:23:37","slug":"comment-creer-une-urgence-energetique-demystifier-les-mythes-sur-les-tarifs-douaniers-imposes-au-petrole-brut","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/fr\/publications\/comment-creer-une-urgence-energetique-demystifier-les-mythes-sur-les-tarifs-douaniers-imposes-au-petrole-brut\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment cr\u00e9er une urgence \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique\u00a0: D\u00e9mystifier les mythes sur les tarifs douaniers impos\u00e9s au p\u00e9trole brut"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les fili\u00e8res p\u00e9troli\u00e8res canadienne et am\u00e9ricaine sont compl\u00e9mentaires. Le Canada produit principalement du brut lourd, tandis que les \u00c9tats-Unis se sp\u00e9cialisent dans le p\u00e9trole de schiste, plus l\u00e9ger. Cette diff\u00e9rence explique pourquoi environ 70&nbsp;% des raffineries am\u00e9ricaines sont configur\u00e9es sp\u00e9cifiquement pour traiter des bruts lourds comme le Western Canadian Select (WCS) du Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La proximit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et les ol\u00e9oducs existants rendent le p\u00e9trole canadien non seulement comp\u00e9titif sur le plan \u00e9conomique, mais aussi essentiel au maintien de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du raffinage et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Le p\u00e9trole canadien alimente la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019un oc\u00e9an \u00e0 l\u2019autre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Graph_Web_FR.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-41002\" srcset=\"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Graph_Web_FR.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Graph_Web_FR-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Graph_Web_FR-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Graph_Web_FR-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Graph_Web_FR-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: Analyse du LDE; U.S. Energy Information Administration.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"animated-container\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n    <!-- Animated GIF on the left (initially hidden) -->\n    <img data-src=\"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Myth.gif\" alt=\"Animated GIF\" class=\"lazy-gif\" style=\"width: 60px; height: auto; opacity: 0;\">\n\n    <!-- Heading on the right -->\n    <h2 style=\"font-size: 2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0;\"> Mythe : \u00ab Nous pouvons simplement utiliser notre propre p\u00e9trole. \u00bb<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .animated-container {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            text-align: center;\n        }\n\n        .lazy-gif {\n            width: 100px;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n        const gif = document.querySelector(\".lazy-gif\");\n\n        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, observer) => {\n            entries.forEach(entry => {\n                if (entry.isIntersecting) {\n                    gif.src = gif.getAttribute(\"data-src\"); \/\/ Load GIF\n                    gif.style.opacity = \"1\"; \/\/ Make it visible\n                    observer.unobserve(gif); \/\/ Stop observing after it loads\n                }\n            });\n        }, { threshold: 0.2 });\n\n        observer.observe(gif);\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"animated-container\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n    <!-- Animated GIF on the left (initially hidden) -->\n    <img data-src=\"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Reality.gif\" alt=\"Animated GIF\" class=\"lazy-gif-1\" style=\"width: 60px; height: auto; opacity: 0;\">\n\n    <!-- Heading on the right -->\n    <h2 style=\"font-size: 2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0;\"> La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 :<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .animated-container {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            text-align: center;\n        }\n\n        .lazy-gif-1 {\n            width: 100px;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n        const gif = document.querySelector(\".lazy-gif-1\");\n\n        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, observer) => {\n            entries.forEach(entry => {\n                if (entry.isIntersecting) {\n                    gif.src = gif.getAttribute(\"data-src\"); \/\/ Load GIF\n                    gif.style.opacity = \"1\"; \/\/ Make it visible\n                    observer.unobserve(gif); \/\/ Stop observing after it loads\n                }\n            });\n        }, { threshold: 0.2 });\n\n        observer.observe(gif);\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La consommation de p\u00e9trole aux \u00c9tats-Unis (19,7&nbsp;millions de barils par jour) d\u00e9passe largement la production nationale (12,1&nbsp;millions de barils par jour), ce qui oblige \u00e0 importer pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les \u00c9tats-Unis produisent essentiellement du p\u00e9trole l\u00e9ger, qui ne convient pas \u00e0 de nombreuses raffineries am\u00e9ricaines actuellement con\u00e7ues pour les bruts lourds. Le r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement de ces raffineries co\u00fbterait entre 1 et 3&nbsp;milliards de dollars par installation. M\u00eame si davantage de p\u00e9trole am\u00e9ricain \u00e9tait disponible, l\u2019infrastructure des ol\u00e9oducs ne l\u2019est pas. La construction d\u2019un ol\u00e9oduc de 1&nbsp;400&nbsp;miles entre le golfe du Mexique et les raffineries du Midwest co\u00fbterait environ 8,5&nbsp;milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains et serait soumise \u00e0 des retards r\u00e9glementaires pendant des ann\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00eame si le p\u00e9trole am\u00e9ricain \u00e9tait disponible en plus grande quantit\u00e9, l\u2019infrastructure des ol\u00e9oducs ne l\u2019est pas. La construction d\u2019un ol\u00e9oduc de 1&nbsp;400&nbsp;miles (2&nbsp;250&nbsp;km) entre le golfe du Mexique et les raffineries du Midwest co\u00fbterait environ 8,5&nbsp;milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains et serait expos\u00e9e \u00e0 des retards r\u00e9glementaires pendant des ann\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"animated-container\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n    <!-- Animated GIF on the left (initially hidden) -->\n    <img data-src=\"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Myth1.gif\" alt=\"Animated GIF\" class=\"lazy-gif-2\" style=\"width: 60px; height: auto; opacity: 0;\">\n\n    <!-- Heading on the right -->\n    <h2 style=\"font-size: 2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0;\">Mythe : \u00ab Il sera facile de remplacer le p\u00e9trole canadien. \u00bb<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .animated-container {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            text-align: center;\n        }\n\n        .lazy-gif-2 {\n            width: 100px;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n        const gif = document.querySelector(\".lazy-gif-2\");\n\n        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, observer) => {\n            entries.forEach(entry => {\n                if (entry.isIntersecting) {\n                    gif.src = gif.getAttribute(\"data-src\"); \/\/ Load GIF\n                    gif.style.opacity = \"1\"; \/\/ Make it visible\n                    observer.unobserve(gif); \/\/ Stop observing after it loads\n                }\n            });\n        }, { threshold: 0.2 });\n\n        observer.observe(gif);\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"animated-container\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n    <!-- Animated GIF on the left (initially hidden) -->\n    <img data-src=\"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Reality2.gif\" alt=\"Animated GIF\" class=\"lazy-gif-3\" style=\"width: 60px; height: auto; opacity: 0;\">\n\n    <!-- Heading on the right -->\n    <h2 style=\"font-size: 2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0;\"> La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 :<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .animated-container {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            text-align: center;\n        }\n\n        .lazy-gif-3 {\n            width: 100px;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n        const gif = document.querySelector(\".lazy-gif-3\");\n\n        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, observer) => {\n            entries.forEach(entry => {\n                if (entry.isIntersecting) {\n                    gif.src = gif.getAttribute(\"data-src\"); \/\/ Load GIF\n                    gif.style.opacity = \"1\"; \/\/ Make it visible\n                    observer.unobserve(gif); \/\/ Stop observing after it loads\n                }\n            });\n        }, { threshold: 0.2 });\n\n        observer.observe(gif);\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le Canada fournit plus de 60&nbsp;% des importations am\u00e9ricaines de p\u00e9trole brut. Pour remplacer l\u2019approvisionnement canadien, il faudrait d\u00e9velopper plus de 55&nbsp;nouveaux champs p\u00e9troliers \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, chacun co\u00fbtant plus de 5&nbsp;milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains et n\u00e9cessitant 5 \u00e0 10&nbsp;ans pour devenir op\u00e9rationnel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le passage au p\u00e9trole l\u00e9ger am\u00e9ricain r\u00e9duirait l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du raffinage et la production de produits cl\u00e9s comme le diesel, l\u2019asphalte, les lubrifiants et les produits p\u00e9trochimiques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u2019un point de vue \u00e9conomique, le WCS se n\u00e9gocie g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement avec une d\u00e9cote par rapport au West Texas Intermediate (WTI), ce qui rend le p\u00e9trole canadien plus abordable et plus rentable \u00e0 raffiner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"animated-container\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n    <!-- Animated GIF on the left (initially hidden) -->\n    <img data-src=\"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Myth3.gif\" alt=\"Animated GIF\" class=\"lazy-gif-4\" style=\"width: 60px; height: auto; opacity: 0;\">\n\n    <!-- Heading on the right -->\n    <h2 style=\"font-size: 2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0;\">Mythe : \u00ab Nous pouvons acheter du p\u00e9trole ailleurs. \u00bb<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .animated-container {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            text-align: center;\n        }\n\n        .lazy-gif-4 {\n            width: 100px;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n        const gif = document.querySelector(\".lazy-gif-4\");\n\n        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, observer) => {\n            entries.forEach(entry => {\n                if (entry.isIntersecting) {\n                    gif.src = gif.getAttribute(\"data-src\"); \/\/ Load GIF\n                    gif.style.opacity = \"1\"; \/\/ Make it visible\n                    observer.unobserve(gif); \/\/ Stop observing after it loads\n                }\n            });\n        }, { threshold: 0.2 });\n\n        observer.observe(gif);\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"animated-container\" style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;\">\n    <!-- Animated GIF on the left (initially hidden) -->\n    <img data-src=\"https:\/\/businessdatalab.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Reality3.gif\" alt=\"Animated GIF\" class=\"lazy-gif-5\" style=\"width: 60px; height: auto; opacity: 0;\">\n\n    <!-- Heading on the right -->\n    <h2 style=\"font-size: 2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0;\"> La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 :<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        .animated-container {\n            flex-direction: column;\n            text-align: center;\n        }\n\n        .lazy-gif-5 {\n            width: 100px;\n        }\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n        const gif = document.querySelector(\".lazy-gif-5\");\n\n        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, observer) => {\n            entries.forEach(entry => {\n                if (entry.isIntersecting) {\n                    gif.src = gif.getAttribute(\"data-src\"); \/\/ Load GIF\n                    gif.style.opacity = \"1\"; \/\/ Make it visible\n                    observer.unobserve(gif); \/\/ Stop observing after it loads\n                }\n            });\n        }, { threshold: 0.2 });\n\n        observer.observe(gif);\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Oui, le Venezuela et la Russie produisent un brut lourd similaire au n\u00f4tre, mais ces pays font l\u2019objet de sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, ce qui rend l\u2019approvisionnement \u00e0 court terme quasiment impossible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00eame si les sanctions \u00e9taient lev\u00e9es, le transport du p\u00e9trole de ces pays vers les raffineries de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des \u00c9tats-Unis est beaucoup plus co\u00fbteux et complexe d\u2019un point de vue logistique&nbsp;:<ul><li>Canada (par ol\u00e9oduc)&nbsp;: 2-4 USD par baril<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Venezuela&nbsp;: 17-25 USD le baril<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Russie&nbsp;: 20-30 USD le baril<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Une d\u00e9pendance accrue \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de r\u00e9gimes sanctionn\u00e9s ou instables accro\u00eet la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019offre et pourrait soulever des probl\u00e8mes de r\u00e9putation en cas d\u2019assouplissement des sanctions pour des raisons de commodit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le Canada offre un syst\u00e8me commercial fiable, fond\u00e9 sur des r\u00e8gles et soutenu par une infrastructure de longue date, contrairement aux alternatives politiquement instables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Renoncer au Canada compromettrait la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des \u00c9tats-Unis et accro\u00eetrait la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de r\u00e9gimes instables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le premier jour de son mandat, le pr\u00e9sident Trump a sign\u00e9 des d\u00e9crets d\u00e9clarant une urgence \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique nationale et promettant l\u2019abondance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique &#8211; pourtant, l\u2019imposition de tarifs douaniers sur le brut canadien risque de provoquer le contraire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Choisir les tarifs douaniers plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une relation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique comp\u00e9titive, int\u00e9gr\u00e9e et s\u00fbre avec le Canada pourrait obliger les \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 d\u00e9penser plus de 240&nbsp;milliards&nbsp;USD pour de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s de raffinage, augmenter les co\u00fbts du carburant pour les m\u00e9nages et affaiblir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<style>\n#post-40981 > div.container.main.relative.z-\\[1\\] > div > div > div.max-w-full.py-10.pb-16.mt-5.prose.md\\:py-16.main-blog-content > div:nth-child(6), #post-40981 > div.container.main.relative.z-\\[1\\] > div > div > div.max-w-full.py-10.pb-16.mt-5.prose.md\\:py-16.main-blog-content > div:nth-child(13){    flex-wrap: nowrap !important;}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences d&#8217;information :&nbsp;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/dnav\/pet\/pet_move_impcus_a2_nus_ep00_im0_mbbl_a.htm\">S. Energy Information Administration<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/us-oil-imports-by-country\">US Oil Imports by Country (2025)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.afpm.org\/newsroom\/blog\/whats-difference-between-heavy-and-light-crude-oils-and-why-do-american-refineries\">What\u2019s the difference between heavy and light crude oils? And why do American refineries need both? (2025)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=62664\">Canada&#8217;s crude oil has an increasingly significant role in U.S. refineries (2024)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/ritceyteam.com\/pipelines-versus-rail-what-is-the-best-way-to-transport-oil\/\">Pipelines versus rail: What is the best way to transport oil? (2019)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/michaellynch\/2025\/01\/31\/tariffs-on-canadian-oil-would-cost-billions\/\">S. Tariffs On Canadian Oil Would Cost Billions Of Dollars (2025)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/chamber.ca\/news\/trumps-25-tariff-threat-new-analysis-reveals-severe-economic-fallout-for-both-canada-and-the-u-s\/\">Trump\u2019s 25% Tariff Threat: New Analysis Reveals Severe Economic Fallout for Both Canada and the U.S. (2024)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bp.com\/content\/dam\/bp\/country-sites\/en_us\/united-states\/home\/documents\/what-we-do\/business-factsheets\/bp-gulf-of-america-fact-sheet.pdf\">BP \u2013 Gulf of America (2025)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #33c7c3;\"><a style=\"color: #33c7c3;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bp.com\/content\/dam\/bp\/business-sites\/en\/global\/corporate\/pdfs\/investors\/bp-cmd-2025-presentation-slides.pdf\">BP &#8211; Capital markets Update (2025)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La proximit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et les ol\u00e9oducs existants rendent le p\u00e9trole canadien non seulement comp\u00e9titif sur le plan \u00e9conomique, mais aussi essentiel au maintien de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du raffinage et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":40985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"publication-type":[397],"publication-topic":[394],"class_list":["post-40981","publications","type-publications","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","publication-type-trade-commentary-fr","publication-topic-supply-chains-and-trade-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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